Membangun Kota yang Berkelanjutan Kontribusi Smart Tourism terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kota: Literature Review
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Abstract
Smart Tourism mengacu pada penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, pengalaman wisatawan, dan pengelolaan destinasi pariwisata. Pada era digital ini, industri pariwisata telah mengalami perubahan signifikan lebih-lebih pasca Covid-19. Penggunaan aplikasi, platform online dan teknologi terkait lainnya telah merubah cara orang merencanakan dan melakukan perjalanan berwisata. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggali teori dan informasi mengenai kontribusi smart tourism terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kota, dengan best practice penerapan smart tourism di Seoul. Melalui pendekatan naratif, penelitian ini menggabungkan teori smart tourism, ekonomi perkotaan dan temuan empiris guna mengeksplorasi dampak positif dan negatif pengembangan smart tourism terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi perkotaan. Temuannya terdapat kontribusi positif smart tourism terhadap ekonomi kota, yaitu meningkatkan keuntungan dan mengurangi biaya, terdapatnya inovasi, pemberdayaan tenaga kerja, adopsi teknologi untuk peningkatan daya saing, mengurangi biaya sumber daya manusia serta memberikan efek ekonomi ke daerah sekitarnya. Kemudian kontribusi negatifnya adalah biaya tinggi, pengurangan kebutuhan sumber daya manusia, tantangan kerjasama dan konflik pemangku kepentingan, perlunya adaptasi masyarakat terhadap tantangan digital, adaptasi masyarakat terhadap tantangan digital serta dampak negatif terhadap interaksi sosial. Selain itu, best practices Kota Seoul menciptakan efek pendapatan tinggi, nilai tambah tinggi dan penciptaan lapangan kerja, memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap penerimaan pajak, serta berdampak positif pada daerah sekitarnya dan menghasilkan produksi tinggi. Sebaiknya dalam pengembangan smart tourism perlu memperhatikan dampak-dampak negatif dalam pengembangan tersebut dan juga memperhatikan pengembangan industri-industri terkait yang dipengaruhi oleh smart tourism untuk memaksimalkan manfaat ekonomi yang dihasilkan.
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